Containers

list

L = [] # Create empty list L.append(val) # Append val L += other # Concatenate with list other

dict

D = {} # Create empty dict D[key] = val D = defaultdict(int) # Create dict that takes default values key in D # Is key present in D? val = D.get(key, default) # Return D[key] or default if key is missing del D[key] # Remove D[key]

Regular expressions

L = re.findall(pat, str) b = re.fullmatch(pat, str) m = re.match(pat, str)

Strings

t = str.maketrans(from, to) copy = s.translate(t) str.format(args)

enum data classes format strings underscores in numerical literals pathlib type hinting walrus operator extended iterable unpacking